The Theories Of Personality And Social Cognitive Theory

Personality is defined as the characteristic ways in which a person thinks, feels and behaves. Personality makes a person who they are but it is not a distinct thing. Many theorists disagree about personality and the theories that lie within in it. The three main theories of personality are; the Trait Approach, the Humanistic Approach and the Social Cognitive Theory. The trait approach focuses on the differences and the interaction of different personality traits that create an individuals personality; the main theorists for the Trait Approach are Costa and Mccrae. The Humanistic Approach focuses on the way an individual behaves and why they behave in that way; the main theorists for the humanistic approach are Maslow and Rogers. The†¦show more content†¦An individual that is characterised under the trait of neuroticism will behave in an unpleasant manner, e.g., anger or depression. Costa and Mccrae’s big five model Costa and Mccrae claimed that the average person is usually in between the scale of extraverted, and that the five traits are relatively stable over our life span (some have the tendency to slightly increase and decrease). There is some criticism of costa and Mccrae’s model given by other professionals. Critics have argued that the patterns of variability over different situations are crucial to determining personality. There is also limitations as an explanatory theory and that the model does not explain all the sections of personality. Some psychologists have stayed away from the model because they feel as if it ignores other categories of personality. Humanistic Approach The theory of ‘humanism’ is defined as â€Å"The good life is a process, not a state of being, it is a direction not a belief† stated by Rogers (1969). The Humanistic Approach includes theorists Maslow and Rogers. Theorists of the humanistic approach believe that people are innately good and have conscious free will. Maslow stated that people achieve their full potential by moving from basic needs to self actualisation. He was mainly concerned with the individuals innate drive towards self actualisation. Maslow then created theShow MoreRelatedTheories Of Personality : Psychodynamic, Trait Or Five Factor Model, Humanistic, And Social Cognitive974 Words   |  4 Pagesfour major theories of personality: psychodynamic, trait or five-factor model, humanistic, and social-cognitive. The psychodynamic theory primarily focuses on the role of the unconscious mind. The social cognitive theory focuses on the effect of the environment on behavior and is based on theories of learning. Whereas, the humanistic theory emphasizes conscious life experiences and choices. The trait or five-factor model focuses on characteristics themselves and not the roots of personality. To beginRead MoreCritical Review of the Moral, Cognitive, Social and Personality Developmental Stages of Michael Oher in the Movie Blindside. Use the Kohlberg, Piaget and Eriksons Developmental Theories Tosupport Review2605 Words   |  11 Pagesstages rather than two. Stage 4. Maintaining the Social Order. Stage 3 reasoning works best in two-person relationships with family members or close friends, where one can make a real effort to get to know the others feelings and needs and try to help. At stage 4, in contrast, the respondent becomes more broadly concerned with society as a whole. Now the emphasis is on obeying laws, respecting authority, and performing ones duties so that the social order is maintained. In response to the Heinz storyRead MoreExpectancy Theory And Social Cognitive Theory Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesMotivation Theories: Expectancy Theory in Practice and Social Cognitive Theory Expectancy theory in practice In Expectancy theory we focus on the mental processes when considering choice, or choosing. It clarifies what an individual feel while making choices. In the study of organizational behavior, we can see that expectancy theory is a motivation theory, it tells us that employees who are sure in their ability to perform a particular task are motivated by their expectations of the consequencesRead MoreExpectancy Theory And Social Cognitive Theory Essay1163 Words   |  5 PagesExpectancy Theory in Practice and Social Cognitive Theory Expectancy theory in practice Expectancy theory is about the mental processes regarding choice, or choosing. It explains the processes that an individual undergoes to make choices. In the study of organizational behavior, expectancy theory is a motivation theory first proposed by Victor Vroom of the Yale School of Management. Expectancy theory tells us that people who are confident in their ability to perform a particular task are motivatedRead MoreFinal Examination For The Psychology Of Personality1329 Words   |  6 PagesExamination for the Psychology of Personality Summer 2015 Due Date: 7-28-15 at 11:59pm Seham Azzamel @02773623 Seham_z@hotmail.com Dr. Elbedour College of School of Psychology Washington, DC 2015 Question 1 Personality Traits Personality is defined as â€Å"consistent behavior patterns and intrapersonal processes originating within the individual† (Burger, 2010, p. 4). In order to measure personality, psychologists focus on personality traits. Personality traits are simply actions, attitudesRead MoreLearning Personality Theories1154 Words   |  5 PagesLearning Personality Theories PSY/405 August 8, 2011 Linda O Connor Learning Personality Theories Psychologists have attempted to explain personality with the development of various personality theories. Each theory varies in regard to explanations and views. Each theory of learning personality provides explanations, ideology, and dimensions. Learning personality theories focus mainly on interactions individuals have with his or her environment. Each theory believes that individuals reactRead MoreThe Social Of Social Cognitive Theory1591 Words   |  7 PagesThe Social Cognitive Theory is perhaps the most comprehensive and complex learning theories in the field of psychology. The theory attempts to explain how our social environment has a great influence on our behaviors and actions. Albert Bandura is the most notable psychologist of the Social Cognitive Theory. He has conducted intense research and experiments for over 50 years and continually strives to improve the strengths and correct the limitations of the theory. The Social Cognitive Theory is appliedRead MoreJulian Rotter Walter Mischels Theories Essay533 Words   |  3 PagesJulian Rotter and Walter Mischel both theorized that cognitive aspects, more so than direct reinforcements, establish human reactions to environmental influences. Both psychologists propose that human expectations of impending events are the foremost factors in determining human performance. Recognized for his cognitive social learning model of personality, Mischel’s theory centered on the particular cognitive variables that intervene with the way new experiences influence a person (Feist FeistRead MoreComplex Performance Related Tasks Are Ideal Essay1329 Words   |  6 Pagesrelatively complex (Latham Seijts, 1999). The social cognitive theory has been contributed to the work of Albert Badura, who recognized that cognitive learning is a key aspect that separates humans from other forms of life. This phenomenological approach analyzes the understanding and changing behavior in people, through observations, motivati on, past experiences, and cognition. The following will give a further explanation of the phenomenological theory, and analyze three empirical studies, whichRead MoreTrait Theory And Social Cognitive Theories1190 Words   |  5 Pages Both Trait theory and Social Cognitive Theories are currently and have been very influential in describing personalities in people over the years. They have both similar and opposite qualities as well and seem to work off of each other at times in my opinion. Although many theories are still helpful in some ways, I feel like these two are more beneficial due to them bringing a more positive approach to describing personalities and giving the person more control over their own behavioral change rather

The Market Revolution Essay - 813 Words

The market revolution in the United States brought a sudden change in the manual labor system originating in south and digressed to the north and later spread to the entire world. The integral part of the economic growth in the United States in the nineteenth century was a good thing that brought change in the market. In respect to the change, America took its first major step in creating the world’s most stable and strongest economy, which gave room for growth among the citizens. The time of the market revolution is a time of immense political change but also of great economic and technological innovation. It was a period American market experienced a fast economic growth and expansion. This was the period America underwent a serious†¦show more content†¦I believe that one the most major innovation that also brought change in the market revolution was the Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin in 1793 because America lacked cotton most of 1700s, regardless of the fact that they had ability to construct textile factories and had waterways for transport. The southern planters in the past made effort to grow cotton, but never succeeded because cotton was labor intensive, so they dropped the idea and went to plant rice and tobacco, because during that period they tried growing cotton, it normally takes a lot of manpower and slaves use a whole day to separate maybe a pound of cotton seeds from fibers. They basically dropped every other crop in place of the newly profitable cotton. Also With the invention of the cotton gins, factories in the North were producing cotton cloth and cotton became the major crop in the south. Also the planters wanted increases in slave labor to plant enough cotton to take advantage of their new production capacity and this made them purchase thousands of slaves from the West Indies and Africa before slave trading was banned. As a result of the purchase of this slaves and extra manpower, the individual plantations increased in sizes, from the normal small plots to big farms with as many as several hundred slaves each. Due to the economic bloom there was a demand in laborShow MoreRelatedThe Market Revolution Essay1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe antebellum era held many beneficial innovations for the United States. The Market Revolution led to improvements in both travel and technology that guided America to become a more productive nation. More opportunities became available to all Americans which led to growth and prosperity of the people. The Market Revolution was beneficial to America in every way possible. When the term â€Å"Market Revolution† is heard, the first thing many people associate it with is Eli Whitney’s CottonRead More The Market Revolution Essay1042 Words   |  5 Pages During the late 1700’s, the United States was no longer a possession of Britain, instead it was a market for industrial goods and the world’s major source for tobacco, cotton, and other agricultural products. A labor revolution started to occur in the United States throughout the early 1800’s. There was a shift from an agricultural economy to an industrial market system. After the War of 1812, the domestic marketplace changed due to the strong pressure of social and economic forces. MajorRead MoreEssay on The Market Revolution1054 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican History I The Market Revolution During the late 1700’s, the United States was no longer a possession of Britain, instead it was a market for industrial goods and the world’s major source for tobacco, cotton, and other agricultural products. A labor revolution started to occur in the United States throughout the early 1800’s. There was a shift from an agricultural economy to an industrial market system. After the War of 1812, the domestic marketplace changed due to the strong pressureRead MoreAmerican Revolution, Market Driven or Not895 Words   |  4 PagesTheme 2 Was the American Revolution largely a product of market-driven consumer forces? The American Revolution paved the way for democratic rule in nations and ignited the spreading thereof throughout the whole world. Yet events that led up the start of the revolution have been mixed in their significance by historians. Both historians, Carl Degler and T.H. Breen agree that the British mercantile system had benefited the colonists, allowing them to have comfortable lifestyles. Madaras L, SoRelleRead MoreAmerican Revolution, Market Driven or Not901 Words   |  4 PagesTheme 2 Was the American Revolution largely a product of market-driven consumer forces? The American Revolution paved the way for democratic rule in nations and ignited the spreading thereof throughout the whole world. Yet events that led up the start of the revolution have been mixed in their significance by historians. Both historians, Carl Degler and T.H. Breen agree that the British mercantile system had benefited the colonists, allowing them to have comfortable lifestyles. Madaras L, SoRelleRead MoreImpact Of The Market Revolution On American History1460 Words   |  6 PagesThe Market Revolution was the most fundamental change in American history all because of three very important developments. These developments consisted of transportation, commercialization and industrialization. Transportation developed many more ways to get around by roads, canals, steamboats and even railroads. Commercialization began to replace household self-sufficiency with goods that were starting to be produced for a cash market. Industrialization was life changing for all of goods that wereRead MoreThe Revolution Of Economic Structure And Function Of Market Essay943 Words   |  4 PagesThe revolution in economic structure is known as creative destruction. This term was invented by Joseph Schumpeter in 1950 who considered it as the essential factor of capitalism. According to him, â€Å"fundamental impulse that sets and keeps the capitalist engine in motion comes from the new consumers goods, the new methods of production or transportation, the new markets, the new forms of industrial organization that capitalist enterprises create†. This is a fundamental process, that new productRead MoreMarket Revolution and Second Great Awakening861 Words   |  4 PagesThe economic â€Å"market revolution† and the religious â€Å"Second Great Awakening† shaped American society after 1815. Both of these developments affected women significantly, and contributed to their changing status both inside and outside the home. Throughout time, women’ s roles and opportunities in the family, workplace, and society have greatly evolved. Women’s role in the family before 1815 was based around the idea of Republican Motherhood. Republican Motherhood is the idea that children should beRead MoreThe Portrayal Of Capitalism Through The Market Revolution1751 Words   |  8 PagesRegalado AMH 2041 26 July 2015 The Portrayal Of Capitalism Through The Market Revolution The Market Revolution can be described as an early manifestation of capitalism, an era associated with a new sense of individual rights, equality, and freedom. The Market Revolution took place in the early 19th century, and it drastically changed not only the market and commerce of Americans but their personal lives as well. Before the Market Revolution America hadn’t seen any new life changing innovations, most ofRead MoreLiberty Overall Contracts During The Market Revolution978 Words   |  4 Pagesoverall contracts during the Market Revolution since opportunities for economic freedom and political liberty has been restricted for various groups because the new economic way of thinking amplified disparities that had already existed before the Market Revolution. The Market Revolution adversely affected the liberty of Native Americans residing within the United States because they were seen as an obstacle to the country’s economic progress. As the Market Revolution ideas of commerce and expansion

Useful Proverbs Free Essays

A bad workman blames his tools. * Something that you say when someone blames the objects they are using for their own mistakes. It is not the tools we use which make us good, but rather how we employ them. We will write a custom essay sample on Useful Proverbs or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. If a job is worth doing, it’s worth doing well. * There is a lot of emphasis on getting things right 3. Make hay while the sun still shines. * To take an opportunity to do something when the time and conditions are near perfect or available. * To do something while you have the time to do it. Act while conditions are favorable 4. Many hands make light work. * This idiom means that when everyone gets involved in something, the work gets done quickly. 5. Too many cooks spoil the broth. * This means that where there are too many people trying to do something, they end up making a mess of it. * Too many persons involved in managing an activity can ruin it. 6. Early to bed and early to rise makes you healthy, wealthy and wise. 7. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 8. The devil makes work for idle hands. * If a person is not busy he will do evil things. Protestants believe children should be busy because the devil makes work for idle hands. 9. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. * Hard work without time for recreation is not good for one’s health 10. The early bird catches the worm. * It means that if you start something early, you stand a better chance of success. You know the saying, As the old saying goes, It literally means that worth=worthy of How to cite Useful Proverbs, Papers

Literature Review Timber

Question: Discuss about theLiterature Reviewfor Timber. Answer Introduction Timber is one of the key product of the forests which has been used for a long time in the construction industry. For the many construction projects, both small and bug the timber has been used to enhance the construction in different elements (Halperin Bible, 1994). The different factors ranging from the chemistry ones to the physical factors have been used to enhance the use of the construction of the different projects. In Australia, the timber technology in the construction is new but peaking at a very high rate. The timber has been having numerous advantages in the construction and thus the main reason for its popularity (Roy, 2004). Moreover, timber has different species which are able to enhance its usage in the construction industry. Timber is defined as any wood which is at the stage of being fallen down and ready to be used for different purposes. Since the ancient days, timber has been used in construction although not widely. Nevertheless, some key advantages of timber i n construction has been identified leading to its massive application in construction. This paper will look at the key advantages of timber as a construction material. It will analyze the way the construction is able to benefit from using the timber as a construction element. Some of the key factors, which are critical in enhancing timber as a construction material, include the affordability, safety and the environmental friendliness nature. The use of the timber has been implemented on different areas in the construction industry from the construction phase to the finishing areas, which include the decorations (Roy, 2004). Moreover, according to the changes in the building regulations, the architects are now allowed to be able to build timber-framed structures, which will be able to move to more than height storey. The current height of the wooden storey stands at three storey in Australia (Ince Nepal, 2012). Changes which started since May 2016, has seen the country be able to increase its usage of timber in the construction industry through this means. This is a key development, which the country has been able to receive in its usage of the timber in construction. In 2013, a 5 storey building was built in Australia even with the existing slaw on store y of not more than 3 storey. Literature Review Over the past 200 years, timber has been enhanced as a building material in different countries. From the use of the platform poles during the construction to the finishing, the timber has been a key structural element in enhancing the construction. Some of the key factors, which have led to the high acceptability of the timber in this industry, include the affordability. Timber is easily available with the increase of the forest (Aicher, Reinhardt Garrecht, 2014). Different companies are able to engage on tree planting which they intend to use on the construction projects. This means that these companies are able to access the timber as a construction material for their use. Another key factor is the superior performance when use in construction. Timber is able to be used on different areas on the construction industry. For instance, in the use of the timber on the construction platform poles, timber is able to ensure that the casted areas do not fall and budge down. Since timber i s not compressible, the performance on this area is able to deliver to the required expectations. The use of the timber is able to enhance the purpose and therefore given a priority on the areas of application due to its superior performance (Halperin Bible, 1994). In addition, the timber has the flexibility character which is attained at any time during the design. Timber can be transformed to any shape and design, which the client needs. This ensures that the construction industry is able to enhance this factor in order to achieve the aesthetic factor. The different innovative factor can be in cooperated with the flexibility in design in order to achieve the different factors (Luso-Brazilian Conference Of Sustainable Construction Materials et al., 2015). Moreover, other key factors which has been key in the implementation of timber as a construction material include the adaptability, innovative and value-centric. Different elements such as the beams, roofs, to doors, windows and floors are nowadays are being made with the timber. In addition, timber is also used for decorative purposes such as moulding, cladding and also surfacing. Apart from these key applications, timber is also used in the construction industry as formwork, hoarding and also scaffolding (International Conference On Structural Health Assessment Of Timber Structures, Piazza Riggio, 2013). All these factors are key elements which must be considered in the construction industry to ensure that they achieve the needed objective. In the last 20 years, the world use of the timber as a construction material has grown with high number. Some of the key countries which has been able to use the timber in small scale construction has changed the trend and they are implementing its use in large buildings. In addition, timber is quick to build in the different areas. In construction site, time is a key factor which is able to carry a high capacity of the cost of the projects. Reducing the implementation period, he projects are able to save a lot from the construction (International Conference On Information Technology In Geo-Engineering et al. 2014). This means through the use of the timber, the projects are able to reduce the time of construction and therefore able to save much. In addition, during demolition, the activity is easy to deform. This means that the timber is used is able to safe time when demolition is needed. This shows that different projects are able to meet their economic needs through the time saving through the use of timber in its activities. In addition, timber can be treated in order to meet the different specifications, which are needed by the client. It can be noted that the treated timber can be able to last for more than 20 years (Rajapakse, 2008). This lifes pan has been able to promote the use of timber in the industry as a construction material. Due to the increased aesthetic in the different areas coupled with the longer lifespan, timber has been able to multiply the usage over the last ten years in the construction industry. The use of treated timber is in most cases enhanced in the decorative works which ensures that the aesthetic nature is able to last for long. Methodology In order to achieve the key element that timber is increasing in the usage, the analysis of timber with other factors was enhanced. The comparison between timber and other construction materials was done to ensure that the desired goals and advantages of timber where achiever, this led to the conclusion that timber is more superior in terms of the construction materials than other materials such as plastic and steel (International Conference On Structural Health Assessment Of Timber Structures, Piazza Riggio, 2013). Key comparison factors which needed to be carried out include the aesthetic factors, durability, affordability, availability among other key factors. In addition, hardness factor consideration and comparison, painting comparison are other key issues which were considered in coming with the conclusion that the timber is a better construction material (Coulson, 2014). Moreover, the cost factors are key in the construction industry and these were much considered in the comp arison methods with other materials which are substitutes of timber. Moreover, the environmental issues are other key factors which were considered in the determination of the timber as a fit material for the construction industry. Design and Discussion One of the key factor, which enhances timber to be used in the construction industry, is its sustainable nature. The companies implementing the timber as a construction material are able to regrow trees even before they are able to use them as construction material. The fact that the timber can be achieved through this means, it means that the timber is replaceable after being cur. The regrown forest there may be able to exist all through and not be depleted. Unlike the steel, which are not sustainable because they can explode the ground and the ore is depleted. The ore after depletion cannot be able to be replaced after being explored. The exploration of the ore will not be done forever but timber can be easily be regrown and therefore be able to enhance its superiority over the steel. This factor is able to make the timber more superior to the steel and therefore making it a perfect material for construction. The timber used in Australia is usually obtained from the specified fores try areas (Coulson, 2012). This means that the areas are able to allow the regrow after the cutting down the trees. The ratio of 1:1 or greater is usually used in the regrow of the trees in these forestry areas in Australia. In addition, wood is relatively light in comparison with other materials such as steel (Coulson, 2014). The specific weight of timber is usually about 500 kg/m3. The comparison of this to the weight of armed concrete weight of between 2000 to 2500 kg/m3 and that of steel of about 7800 kg/m3 makes the timber more advantageous (Rajapakse, 2008). The design factors are able to consider the amount of self weight which the main members in the construction are able to impose on others. It is clear that the cost of design and construction using the concrete and the steel are much expensive due to their increased specific weight (Watts, 2014). Moreover, the cost effectiveness in the design members is able to depend on the weight. The increase in the weight is able to lead to a costly construction of the embers when the cost is imposed per kg. Being lighter than these other construction materials, the timer is able to become the best option for the construction industry. The design of other f actors will be reduced due to the reduced self weight of the individual members in the construction projects. Moreover, timber is in most cases applied even in location where some of the materials in the construction industry cannot fit. Most of the materials such as steel are usually limited in their area of application (Watts, 2014). Timber has more application such as ceilings, floor, windows, doors and flooring. This means that the timber is usually applied on many variety of the construction industry. Moreover, hardwood is usually applied in wooden houses and other construction industry. The more application of timber is able to make it a superior material in the construction industry (Rajapakse, 2008). The increase uses are able to make the use of the timber in the construction industry in Australia becoming a key construction material. The timber is able to offer more aesthetic touch than all these key materials and therefore becoming a superior material. Moreover, the application on all these location is able to enhance the look for the perfect aesthetic which is able to help increas e the popularity of the timber in the construction industry. In addition, structural performance is another key factor, which the timber is able to exhibit than other construction materials. Solid timber is able to offer more superior performance under different conditions such as the fire and earthquakes than other materials than timber. Different design factors are able to show that the solid timber is able to minimize on the structural defects under large earthquakes. This means that the solid timber is able to increase the safety and structural performance of the projects. This makes the timber a superior material in the construction industry and therefore leading to the increased usage in the recent days in Australia. Conclusion Timber is one of ancient materials, which has been used in the construction industry. Nevertheless, the less of usage has been low but over the past 15 years, its usage has been able to increase by a bigger margins. From the structural performance to the aesthetics, to the weight factors and the cost effectiveness, durability, the timber is able to perform better than other materials such as plastics, concrete and steel. In Australia, the commercial usage of timber has been embraced considering all these types of additional advantages. In addition, the time used to build the timber parts is lesser that other materials take that. This makes the timber to be able to achieve the key structural elements. The time taken is able to account to much cost in the construction project. Reference AICHER, S., REINHARDT, H. W., GARRECHT, H. (2014). Materials and joints in timber structures: recent developments of technology. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truescope=sitedb=nlebkdb=nlabkAN=644007. COULSON, J. (2012). Wood in construction: how to avoid costly mistakes. Chichester, West Sussex, UK, Wiley-Blackwell. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=4043408. COULSON, J. (2014). Sustainable use of wood in construction. Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom, John Wiley Sons, Inc. HALPERIN, D. A., BIBLE, G. T. (1994). Principles of timber design for architects and builders. New York, N.Y., J. Wiley. INCE, P. J., NEPAL, P. (2012). Effects on U.S. timber outlook of recent economic recession, collapse in housing construction, and wood energy trends. International conference on information technology in geo-engineering, toll, d. G., zhu, h., coombs, w., li, x., rouainia, m., osman, A. (2014). Information Technology in Geo-Engineering: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference (ICITG) Durham, UK. https://site.ebrary.com/id/10955550. International conference on structural health assessment of timber structures, piazza, m., riggio, m. (2013). Structural health assessment of timber structures. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=1910375. Luso-brazilian conference of sustainable construction materials, aguiar, j., camo?es, a., fangueiro, r., eires, r., cunha, s., kheradmand, m. (2015). Sustainable Construction Materials. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=1912650. RAJAPAKSE, R. (2008). Pile design and construction rules of thumb. Burlington, MA, Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=338925. ROY, R. L. (2004). Timber framing for the rest of us: a guide to contemporary post and beam construction. Gabriola Island, BC, New Society Publishers. https://www.deslibris.ca/ID/432028. WATTS, A. (2014). Modern construction envelopes. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=1585964.